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Headcount
Throughout history, political or religious succession has often been a bloody affair. In virtually every society, the phenomenon repeats itself. In the United States, four presidents have been assassinated, most recently, of course, John F Kennedy on that day in Dallas, Texas in 1963. In Russia, three Tsars have perished in the same way. In Italy seven Popes, in Egypt, one President, and two Prime Ministers, in France three kings, including the last…or was that merely execution?
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How many presidents in the US were assassinated?
Were presidents and kings the only target of an assassination?
What happened to the last king of France?
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Little triggers
So what exactly constitutes an assassination?
The word always implies the murder of someone important, usually involved in politics. And the assassin is sometimes doing it for money, but more often for a cause. The Anarchists of late 19th century Europe saw it as a legitimate political weapon that would cause the downfall of the whole ruling hierarchy: President Carnot of France, the Empress of Austria, and King Umberto I of Italy were all sacrificed to this philosophy, although the edifice refused to crumble. Political extremists of the Far Left followed the same path in Italy and Germany in the 1970s. At certain points in history, however, such acts can set off a far larger chain of violence, as occurred after the slaying of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austro-Hungary in 1914 or the Prime Minister of Rwanda in 1994.
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Where it all began
The earliest known examples of assassination may be in Iran, where three Kings were done away with after palace intrigue in the 5th century BC. The father of Alexander the Great, Phillip of Macedon received his coup de grâce in a similar fashion a century later. The word itself is supposed to derive from an 11th-century religious sect in Iran called the Assassins or Hashishim, who saw it as their duty to eliminate enemies in this way, their name coming possibly from their habit of eating hashish.
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